What are sensors?
A sensor is an instrument that responds to a physical stimulus (such as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or motion.) It collects and measures data regarding some property of a phenomenon, object, or material. Typical sensors are cameras, radiometers and scanners, lasers, radio frequency receivers, radar systems, sonar, thermal devices, seismographs, magnetometers, gravimeters, and scintillometers. The term "Remote Sensing" indicates that the measuring device is not physically in close proximity with the phenomenon being observed.
Learn more about the theoretical, technical and historical perspectives of remote sensing at NASA's Remote Sensing Tuorial http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Front/tofc.html
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